Original Article
VOLUME: 35 | ISSUE: 1 | Mar 21, 2019 | PAGE: (37 - 40) | DOI: 10.51441.BioMedica.5-534
Self-Esteem and Anxiety among Young Adult Male Stutterers of Central Punjab
Authors: Sikandar M.Z , Tahir F.N , Shah S.I.A
Article Info
Authors
Sikandar M.Z
Department of Biochemistry, Central Park Medical College, Lahore - Pakistan.
Tahir F.N
Department of Biochemistry, Central Park Medical College, Lahore - Pakistan.
Shah S.I.A
Department of Biochemistry, Central Park Medical College, Lahore - Pakistan.
Publication History
Received: September 30, 2018
Revised: February 14, 2019
Accepted: March 08, 2019
Published: March 21, 2019
Abstract
Background and Objective: The main objective of the study was to investigate anxiety levels and self-esteem in stutterers and assess their relationship with the severity of stuttering and its chronicity have a direct relation with anxiety and its severity.
Methods: Young adult male volunteers (n = 86, age range 17 – 35 years) recruited for this crosssectional study were placed into three groups; controls (non-stutterers, n = 30), mild to moderate stutterers (n = 26) and moderate to severe stutterers (n = 30). Hamilton anxiety scale (HAM-A) and Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) were employed for the assessment of anxiety and self-esteem, respectively. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were performed to observe group mean differences. Pearson’s correlation was computed to assess relationship between anxiety and self-esteem. P-values of < 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: Significantly increased anxiety levels were observed in stutterers as compared to nonstutterers, especially in moderate to severe group. Self-esteem levels of stutterers were not different from those of the non-stutterers. Congenital stuttering was common (48%) and a high proportion (83%) of stutterers reported parental consanguinity in moderate to severe stutterers. No significant correlation was observed between self-esteem scores and anxiety levels (n = 86, Pearson’s R = -0.039, P< 0.721).
Conclusion: Stuttering is associated with anxiety and the increase in severity of stuttering leads to higher anxiety levels. Anxiety also worsens stuttering.
Keywords: Stuttering, Anxiety, Self-esteem, Adults.
Pubmed Style
Sikandar M.Z, Tahir F.N, Shah S.I.A. Self-Esteem and Anxiety among Young Adult Male Stutterers of Central Punjab. BioMedica. 2019; 21 (March 2019): 37-40. doi:10.51441.BioMedica.5-534
Web Style
Sikandar M.Z, Tahir F.N, Shah S.I.A. Self-Esteem and Anxiety among Young Adult Male Stutterers of Central Punjab. https://biomedicapk.com/articles/online_first/534 [Access: May 04, 2024]. doi:10.51441.BioMedica.5-534
AMA (American Medical Association) Style
Sikandar M.Z, Tahir F.N, Shah S.I.A. Self-Esteem and Anxiety among Young Adult Male Stutterers of Central Punjab. BioMedica. 2019; 21 (March 2019): 37-40. doi:10.51441.BioMedica.5-534
Vancouver/ICMJE Style
Sikandar M.Z, Tahir F.N, Shah S.I.A. Self-Esteem and Anxiety among Young Adult Male Stutterers of Central Punjab. BioMedica. (2019), [cited May 04, 2024]; 21 (March 2019): 37-40. doi:10.51441.BioMedica.5-534
Harvard Style
Sikandar M.Z, Tahir F.N, Shah S.I.A (2019) Self-Esteem and Anxiety among Young Adult Male Stutterers of Central Punjab. BioMedica, 21 (March 2019): 37-40. doi:10.51441.BioMedica.5-534
Chicago Style
Sikandar M.Z, Tahir F.N, Shah S.I.A. "Self-Esteem and Anxiety among Young Adult Male Stutterers of Central Punjab." 21 (2019), 37-40. doi:10.51441.BioMedica.5-534
MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style
Sikandar M.Z, Tahir F.N, Shah S.I.A. "Self-Esteem and Anxiety among Young Adult Male Stutterers of Central Punjab." 21.March 2019 (2019), 37-40. Print. doi:10.51441.BioMedica.5-534
APA (American Psychological Association) Style
Sikandar M.Z, Tahir F.N, Shah S.I.A (2019) Self-Esteem and Anxiety among Young Adult Male Stutterers of Central Punjab. , 21 (March 2019), 37-40. doi:10.51441.BioMedica.5-534