Latest Articles

Background:

Manifestation and the law of attraction are new age practices. Different age groups view and practice these differently since their beliefs are influenced by their peers, families, cultures, traditions, and technology. This study compares the perceptions, interpretations, and interactions of Generation Z and Millennials in order to better understand the intricacies of the manifestation phenomenon.

Methodology:

It is a cross sectional survey conducted in Central Park Medical College, Lahore. The sample size was 266 and was divided into two groups according to their age i.e Gen-Z (Born between 1997-2012) Millennial (Born between 1981-1996) generation. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.

Results:

Gen Z had a better knowledge of the concept of manifestation and how it works. Both generations believe that practicing intentional manifestation and trusting your positive beliefs can help in achieving goals. Both generations are somewhat affected by cultural and spiritual beliefs to interfere in their practices However, Gen-Z's practices of this phenomenon are more influenced by technology and social media apps.

Conclusion:

The study underscores the influence of generational experiences and cultural context on the adoption and interpretation of new age practices.

Background and Objective:
Evaluation of intraoperative frozen section (FS) in central nervous system (CNS) lesions  is an invaluable tool to ensure adequacy of tissue obtained to establish the diagnosis and is consistently practiced for rapid assessment and ancillary studies. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic concordance between frozen section for the pediatric CNS lesions considering Histopathology as a gold standard in the local pediatric population with respect to age and gender.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Histopathology, University of Child Health Sciences & The Children’s Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. The biopsy specimens from 35 pediatric patients with CNS tumors were sent fresh frozen and in formalin, both, for analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of FS while taking formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues as gold standard. 
The data was analyzed by using statistical tests of significance.
Results:
Comparing FS with FFPE tissues,  77.1 % cases showed complete concordance,  17% were partially concordant while only 5.7% cases were discordant.  Male patients demonstrated higher (10.5%) discordance as compared to females (0%) (p= 0.251). Across age groups, concordance rates vary with no statistically significant differences.
Conclusion:
 The diagnostic concordance of frozen sections  is quite higher in CNS lesions in comparison to formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues with certain limitations occurring in different tumors. Histopathological review and clinical correlation is mandatory for reaching a conclusive diagnosis in challenging cases. 

Background and Objectives: Thyroid cancer (TC) stands as the predominant endocrine malignancy, witnessing a substantial global surge in incidence over recent decades. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic thyroid lesions, focusing on variations across age groups, sexes, and lesion types, within various tertiary care hospitals in Lahore.

Methodology: This retrospective, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pathology Departments of Combined Military Hospital, Lahore, and Sheikh Zayed Hospital. Collection of histopathological data over the last four years and statistical analysis were performed through t-tests and ANOVA using IBM SPSS v17.

Results: The study included a total of 1217 patients, comprising 751 males (61.7%) and 466 females (38.3%). Among them, 333 individuals were diagnosed with thyroid-related lesions, while 884 exhibited no thyroid abnormalities. Three hundred-three patients had neoplastic, whereas 30 patients had non-neoplastic thyroid lesions. The analysis revealed a notable difference in the scores between males (mean = 4.96, SD = 1.94) and females (mean = 4.53, SD= 2.33): t (1212) =3.46, p =.001.. Furthermore, the study found a statistically significant variation in the prevalence of different thyroid lesion types across various age groups (X2 = 65.687, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Papillary carcinoma emerged as the sole malignancy observed in our study, thereby representing the most frequent thyroid cancer in our study population. The significance of this data extends beyond mere prevalence rates; it underscores the necessity of regional research to delve into the various etiological factors at play.

Psychiatric disorders are some of the major challenges facing treatment in as much as response rates and recoveries are concerned because these mental disorders are acknowledged for their devastating effects. Another area explored in this research looks into the functioning of liberal motives in the glutamatergic system, immunologic system, and neuroinflammation as specifications that could be utilized for managing psychiatric disorders with the help of medications. Two main strategies are; regulation of the release of glutamate and immune reactions, and neuroinflammation. The efficacy of such systems has been demonstrated from preclinical and clinical trials, mainly in the enhancement of mental symptoms. Though, questions arise like: Is it feasible to develop the target? Do the emitting pole and the receiving pole indicate that the treatment is the best one? On what basis should the patients be grouped? Assessing such priceless information concerning these novel targets will enable the identification of the course towards the personal and appropriate medication for patients with psychiatric ailments. The discoveries in this article will shed light on the new potential therapeutic targets for the psychiatric diseases, which will point towards the potential new directions for the treatment for the mental health disorders that may revolutionise the treatment outcomes for the psychiatric patients and force the changes in the mental healthcare system.

Keywords: psychiatric illnesses, neuroinflammation, glutamatergic neurotransmission, glutamatergic system.