Original Article
Volume: 41 | Issue: 2 | Published: Jun 25, 2025 | Pages: 10 - 10 | DOI: 10.24911/BioMedica/5-1169
A clinical audit of endoscopy procedures in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Asim Hassan , Mohammad Ali , Zahra Iqbal
Article Info
Authors
Asim Hassan
Dr. Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Islamabad
Mohammad Ali
Dr. Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Islamabad
Zahra Iqbal
Islamabad Medical and Dental College, Islamabad
Publication History
Received: December 11, 2024
Accepted: April 12, 2025
Published: June 25, 2025
Abstract
Background and Objective: Endoscopy is considered the gold standard for evaluating and managing gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. It serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patients presenting with upper GI symptoms. This study aimed to audit the common indications for upper GI endoscopy and their associated endoscopic findings at Dr. Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 374 patients presenting with upper GI symptoms (including dyspepsia, dysphagia, epigastric pain, and hematemesis) between January 2021 and April 2024. Patients were recruited from both inpatient and outpatient settings. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Endoscopic findings were documented and categorized according to indication. Descriptive statistics were applied for frequency distribution. The chi-square test was used to assess associations between presenting symptoms and endoscopic findings, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Of the 374 patients, 62% were male and 38% female. Common indications included dysphagia (29%), epigastric discomfort (21%), dyspepsia (15%), hematemesis (13%), and chronic liver disease (5%). Endoscopic findings revealed esophagitis and gastritis predominantly in dyspepsia and epigastric pain cases, variceal bleeding in CLD and hematemesis cases, and esophageal growth in most dysphagia cases. The association between presenting complaint and endoscopic diagnosis was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Upper GI endoscopy remains an indispensable tool for accurate diagnosis in patients with persistent upper GI symptoms.
Keywords: Endoscopy, audit, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal tract.
Pubmed Style
Asim Hassan, Mohammad Ali, Zahra Iqbal. A clinical audit of endoscopy procedures in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. BioMedica. 2025; 25 (June 2025): 10-10. doi:10.24911/BioMedica/5-1169
Web Style
Asim Hassan, Mohammad Ali, Zahra Iqbal. A clinical audit of endoscopy procedures in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. https://biomedicapk.com/articles/1169 [Access: August 28, 2025]. doi:10.24911/BioMedica/5-1169
AMA (American Medical Association) Style
Asim Hassan, Mohammad Ali, Zahra Iqbal. A clinical audit of endoscopy procedures in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. BioMedica. 2025; 25 (June 2025): 10-10. doi:10.24911/BioMedica/5-1169
Vancouver/ICMJE Style
Asim Hassan, Mohammad Ali, Zahra Iqbal. A clinical audit of endoscopy procedures in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. BioMedica. (2025), [cited August 28, 2025]; 25 (June 2025): 10-10. doi:10.24911/BioMedica/5-1169
Harvard Style
Asim Hassan, Mohammad Ali, Zahra Iqbal (2025) A clinical audit of endoscopy procedures in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. BioMedica, 25 (June 2025): 10-10. doi:10.24911/BioMedica/5-1169
Chicago Style
Asim Hassan, Mohammad Ali, Zahra Iqbal. "A clinical audit of endoscopy procedures in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan." 25 (2025), 10-10. doi:10.24911/BioMedica/5-1169
MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style
Asim Hassan, Mohammad Ali, Zahra Iqbal. "A clinical audit of endoscopy procedures in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan." 25.June 2025 (2025), 10-10. Print. doi:10.24911/BioMedica/5-1169
APA (American Psychological Association) Style
Asim Hassan, Mohammad Ali, Zahra Iqbal (2025) A clinical audit of endoscopy procedures in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. , 25 (June 2025), 10-10. doi:10.24911/BioMedica/5-1169