Authors: Dr Raja Yasser Shahbaz , Dr Natalia Malik , Dr Amna Sohail , Dr Mustafa Qadeer , Prof. Dr Faiqua Yasser , Prof, Dr Hina Zafar Raja

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Thyroid cancer (TC) stands as the predominant endocrine malignancy, witnessing a substantial global surge in incidence over recent decades. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic thyroid lesions, focusing on variations across age groups, sexes, and lesion types, within various tertiary care hospitals in Lahore.

Methodology: This retrospective, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pathology Departments of Combined Military Hospital, Lahore, and Sheikh Zayed Hospital. Collection of histopathological data over the last four years and statistical analysis were performed through t-tests and ANOVA using IBM SPSS v17.

Results: The study included a total of 1217 patients, comprising 751 males (61.7%) and 466 females (38.3%). Among them, 333 individuals were diagnosed with thyroid-related lesions, while 884 exhibited no thyroid abnormalities. Three hundred-three patients had neoplastic, whereas 30 patients had non-neoplastic thyroid lesions. The analysis revealed a notable difference in the scores between males (mean = 4.96, SD = 1.94) and females (mean = 4.53, SD= 2.33): t (1212) =3.46, p =.001.. Furthermore, the study found a statistically significant variation in the prevalence of different thyroid lesion types across various age groups (X2 = 65.687, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Papillary carcinoma emerged as the sole malignancy observed in our study, thereby representing the most frequent thyroid cancer in our study population. The significance of this data extends beyond mere prevalence rates; it underscores the necessity of regional research to delve into the various etiological factors at play.

Keywords: Histopathology, Lesions, Neoplastic, Non-neoplastic, Thyroid